For more insights and analysis from Cleary lawyers on policy and regulatory developments from a legal perspective, visit What to Expect From a Second Trump Administration.

On May 28, 2025, the U.S. Court of International Trade (“CIT”) issued a decision holding that President Trump exceeded his authority under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act of 1977, 50 U.S.C. 1701, et seq. (“IEEPA”) in imposing fentanyl trafficking-related tariffs on Canada, Mexico, and China (referred to by the CIT as “Trafficking Tariffs”), and the broad reciprocal tariffs announced on April 2, 2025 (referred to by the CIT as “Worldwide and Retaliatory Tariffs”).[1]  In a Per Curium opinion, the three-judge panel granted summary judgment to a group of private plaintiffs and state attorneys general who had challenged the Trump administration tariffs imposed under IEEPA, vacated the Executive Orders imposing the tariffs, and enjoined collection of the tariffs.[2]  On May 29, 2025, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (“Federal Circuit”) temporarily stayed the CIT’s order, keeping the relevant tariffs in effect while the Federal Circuit considers the case. 

Continue Reading U.S. Court of International Trade Strikes Down Trump’s IEEPA Tariffs

For more insights and analysis from Cleary lawyers on policy and regulatory developments from a legal perspective, visit What to Expect From a Second Trump Administration.

President Trump has announced two new trade deals negotiated by the United States: the U.S.-UK Economic Prosperity Deal (“EPD”), announced on May 8, and an executive order, Modifying Reciprocal Tariff Rates to Reflect Discussions with the People’s Republic of China, issued on May 12 (the “PRC Reciprocal Tariff EO”).  

Continue Reading U.S. and UK, China Agree to Trade Deals Limiting Reciprocal Tariffs

On April 30, 2025, the Department of Justice’s (“DOJ”) National Security Division (“NSD”), alongside the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Northern District of California, announced a declination to prosecute Universities Space Research Association (“USRA”) for criminal export control violations committed by a former employee.[1]  This marks only the second declination issued by NSD under its Enforcement Policy for Business Organizations (the “Policy”), following voluntary self-disclosure.

Continue Reading DOJ National Security Division Issues Second Declination Under Corporate Enforcement Policy

For more insights and analysis from Cleary lawyers on policy and regulatory developments from a legal perspective, visit What to Expect From a Second Trump Administration.

On April 11, 2025, the U.S. Department of Justice, National Security Division (“DOJ”) issued a compliance guide (“Compliance Guide”), a set of frequently asked questions (“FAQs”), and a 90-day limited enforcement policy (“Enforcement Policy”) relating to implementation of the Data Security Program, codified at 28 C.F.R. Part 202 (“DSP”).  The DSP is a regulatory program designed to prevent certain countries of concern—China, Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Russia, and Venezuela—and covered persons from having access to Americans’ bulk sensitive personal data and U.S. government-related data.  The DSP largely went into effect on April 8, 2025. 

Continue Reading DOJ Issues Additional Guidance as Data Security Program Enters into Effect; Limits Enforcement for First 90 Days

On April 9, 2025, the EU approved new trade countermeasures targeting c.€18 billion of U.S.-origin products in response to 25% tariffs imposed by the Trump II administration on steel and aluminium imports.  These new measures apply alongside 2018 and 2020 countermeasures targeting c.€8 billion worth of U.S. goods, which were due to come back into effect on April 15.  On April 10, the EU announced a 90-day pause on these countermeasures to facilitate trade negotiations with the U.S.

Continue Reading The EU’s Latest Response to Trump II Tariffs

For more insights and analysis from Cleary lawyers on policy and regulatory developments from a legal perspective, visit What to Expect From a Second Trump Administration.

Update as of April 10, 2025: On April 9, 2025, President Trump announced a 90-day pause on the imposition of reciprocal tariff rates above 10% for most countries.  For all countries other than China, Canada, and Mexico, tariffs are paused at the 10% rate effective April 5, 2025, pending negotiations for the potential reduction or elimination of reciprocal tariffs.  Tariffs on Canadian and Mexican-origin products continue to apply as described below.  Reciprocal tariffs on Chinese-origin products remain in effect and have increased as the Chinese and U.S. governments imposed retaliatory tariffs on U.S.- and Chinese-origin products, respectively.

On April 2, 2025, President Trump issued an executive order (the “E.O.”) imposing sweeping reciprocal tariffs pursuant to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act, 50 U.S.C. 1701, et seq. (“IEEPA”).[1]  Effective April 5, 2025, all products from all trading partners, unless exempted, will be subject to additional 10% tariffs.  In addition, increased country-specific tariffs, as detailed in Annex I of the E.O. (copied below), will enter into effect on April 9, 2025.

Continue Reading President Trump Imposes Sweeping Reciprocal Tariffs

For more insights and analysis from Cleary lawyers on policy and regulatory developments from a legal perspective, visit What to Expect From a Second Trump Administration.

In the final weeks of the Biden Administration and early days of the second Trump Administration, the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Industry and Security (“BIS”) issued a series of new rules amending the Export Administration Regulations (“EAR”) to further expand and refine export controls on advanced computing items, semiconductor manufacturing equipment (“SME”), artificial intelligence (“AI”) items, and related technology destined to the People’s Republic of China (including Hong Kong) (“China”) and Macau.

Continue Reading BIS Further Restricts Exports of Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Chips to China

For more insights and analysis from Cleary lawyers on policy and regulatory developments from a legal perspective, visit What to Expect From a Second Trump Administration.

Earlier this month, the U.S. Department of Commerce (Commerce), Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) held its annual Update Conference on Export Controls and Policy (the Conference). During the Conference, key government officials signaled an intent to ramp up enforcement of the Export Administration Regulations (EAR) going forward. For example, in opening remarks to Conference attendees, U.S. Secretary of Commerce Howard Lutnick said there would be a “dramatic” increase in enforcement by BIS under the Trump administration, including increased fines and penalties for parties that violate the EAR.

Continue Reading U.S. Government Signals Intent to Increase Enforcement of U.S. Export Controls

For more insights and analysis from Cleary lawyers on policy and regulatory developments from a legal perspective, visit What to Expect From a Second Trump Administration.

On February 1, President Trump issued executive orders announcing sweeping tariffs on products of Canadian, Mexican, and Chinese origin.  As discussed in our previous publication, effective February 4, all products of Chinese origin became subject to an additional 10% tariff pursuant to these orders, while the imposition of tariffs on products of Canadian and Mexican origin were delayed by one month after President Trump reached last-minute agreements with Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and Mexican President Claudia Sheinbaum to delay the tariffs during ongoing negotiations. 

Continue Reading President Trump Imposes Tariffs on Canada and Mexico, Additional Tariffs on China

On February 1, 2025, U.S. President Donald Trump imposed a 25% additional tariff on imports of Canadian- and Mexican-origin goods (since suspended for 30 days) and a 10% additional tariff on imports of Chinese-origin goods.  On February 10, President Trump announced a 25% tariff on steel and aluminum imports,[1] and is preparing “a comprehensive plan” to tackle “non-reciprocal trading arrangements”.[2]  The EU is a key target of the new measures, with the EU’s 10% tariff on imported cars and ban on U.S. shellfish imports identified as unfair trade barriers.  As with Canada and Mexico, any EU tariffs may be driven by other strategic objectives, such as NATO expenditure and a takeover of Greenland.

Continue Reading The EU’s Possible Response to Trump II Tariffs